Operating System or OS

An operating system (OS) is software, consisting of programs and data, that runs on computers and manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for efficient execution of various application software.

For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between application programs and the computer hardware, although the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware, but will frequently call the OS or be interrupted by it. Operating systems are found on almost any device that contains a computer—from cellular phones and video game consoles tosupercomputers and web servers.

Examples of operating systems for personal computers are


 
Microsoft Windows (Windows 95, 98, 2000, Millennium, XP, Vista, 7 and now the newest Windows 8),


  


       Mac OS (System 6, 7, 8, 9 and X), and

 


      Linux (Ubuntu, Redhat, Blackhat, Mandreva, Bayanihan, Unix, etc.).